Date sent:        Sat, 25 May 1996 15:59:41 PST

<br><A HREF="X.TXT">dolphin.TXT </A> 
<br><i>Uploader </i>: Ryan Huie
<br><i>Email </i>: grease@juno.com
<br><i>Language </i>: English
<br><i>Subject </i>: English (Oral Communications)
<br><i>Title </i>: Dolphin Communication
<br><i>Grade </i>: 90%
<br><i>System </i>: High School
<br><i>Age </i>: 15
<br><i>Country </i>: USA
<br><i>Comments </i>: I used this in the second semester of 10th Grade English which is oral
communications.  Intro and conclusion are written out - body is in outline format, but is in
complete sentences. <br><i>Where I got Evil House of Cheat Address </i>: Friend <br><i>Date
</i>: March 21, 1995

------------------------------------------------Actual
Essay------------------------------------------------


Ryan Huie

March 21, 1995

     Just imagine - Talking with a dolphin! A species totally
different from humans. The new things we could learn about the
world under water and what they could learn about us. That
milestone in scientific history may not be far away. Dolphins
have a complex way of communicating with each other. 


I. Dolphins recognize each other and can tell in a matter of
milliseconds exactly where the other dolphin is located, how big
he or she is, and if they are friendly, hungry, or angry just by
using sonar.

     A) Sonar stands for Sound Navigation Ranging.

     B) Sonar is the ability to detect the presence and location
        of submerged objects by sound.

          1. In the case of dolphins, a dolphin sends out a       
             series of clicks produced by the flapping of the     
             muscular or lip-like flap of the air sacks above the 
             melon.

          2. The to and fro movement of the air stored in the     
             sacks makes the flap "click."

          3. These clicks are bounced off the melon, off the      
             skull, and again off the melon and finally projected 
             outward.

          4. The clicks are beamed directly ahead and arched to   
             about 10 degrees to each side of the beak.

          5. The sound bounces off the object in the way and 
             the clicks are echoed back to the dolphin.

          6. The dolphin receives the reflected sound in its      
             lower jaw.

          7. The brain amazingly calculates the time from when it 
             was sent to the time it was received in milliseconds 
              and knows what is in it's way!

     C) Sonar tells the size , depth, and texture of objects,     
        and even the heart rate of other animals.                 

     D) Dolphins use sonar when speaking to each other.

          1. Just like humans can recognize small movements and   
              noises of a familiar person in the house without    
              seeing them, dolphins can tell the presence of a    
              familiar dolphin by the sound of the sonar that the 
              dolphin uses.

          2. Once the other dolphin is identified, they have      
             conversations just like humans and play like humans.

          3. The number of clicks the dolphins emit range from 20 
             clicks per second to 800 clicks per second.

          4. The rate of the clicks and the frequency of the      
             clicks determine the words. 

II. Dolphins communicate with humans by emitting crying and
clicking sounds through the nasal passage and the trachea.

     A) Although the range of hearing is much greater in          
        dolphins, they still emit sounds in the range of human    
       hearing.

          1. Humans can hear between 30 hertz, which is about the 
             lowest bass that you hear when a low-rider with a    
             supped up system rolls by, and 18,000 hertz, which   
             is a little higher pitch than a dog whistle.

          2. Dolphins can hear between 16 hertz and 180,000       
             hertz!

     B) When a trainer communicates with his dolphins, he uses a  
        combination of hand signals and whistles.

          1. The whistles are produced by a whistle very similar  
             to a dog whistle, and can be heard by dolphins       
             underwater when the trainer is above water.

          2. The eyesight is very much like that of humans.

               a) A dolphin can see the hand signals that a       
                  trainer gives easily.

               b) The signals can also be seen when the dolphin   
                  is under water and the trainer is above.

III. Scientists are testing and studying the dolphins and are
trying to come up with a device that would break the language
barrier.

     A) A device like the one in the show Sea Quest where humans  
        can talk and a computer will translate and emit clicks    
        that the dolphin can understand and vice versa is not far 
        fetched.

          1. Computers are fast enough and capable of             
             translating, but the language still has to be        
             figured out.

          2. Scientists have documented many known "words", but   
             not enough to communicate.

     B) Scientists are specifically interested in dolphins        
        because they are known to be among the smartest animals   
        on earth.

     C) By breaking the language barrier, scientists can          
        learn everything about dolphins.

          1. Scientists will be able to ask simple or even        
              slightly complex question to the dolphins and       
              get a response.

          2. This will answer many of the unknown mysteries       
             about dolphins and give us a true understanding of   
             how the live and what they think.


The knowledge and understanding of dolphins can help us because
like we have already put sonar to good use, the dolphin's
excellent swimming abilities, communication, and quick perception
will be useful tools to today's needs.